Visual assessment

As a rapid assessment of intestinal toxicity, the morphology of the intestine and the occurrence of necrosis are examined under a dissecting microscope.

Carboxylase Staining

The carboxylase enzyme in the liver and intestine is biotinylated, and can be detected by avidin-conjugated reporter enzymes, such as avidin-HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase). This assay highlights the liver and intestine for assessment of drug effects on liver and intestine.

Histology

The structure of the intestine, and morphology and condition of the intestinal cells and tissues are analyzed by standard Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining of sections.